Go through these in order and stop at the first one that applies. If you are reading this for someone else, answer for them.
1
Is any of this happening now?
Call 911
Go to an emergency department immediately if back pain occurs with:
New difficulty starting or controlling urination
Loss of bowel control
Numbness around the genitals, buttocks, or inner thighs
Rapidly worsening weakness in both legs
Other emergency signs, for anyone
Someone who is struggling to breathe, gasping, choking, or cannot get words out
Someone who has chest pain, tightness or pressure lasting more than a few minutes
Someone who has sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face or body, slurred speech, or sudden confusion
Someone who is unconscious, or cannot be woken
Someone who is bleeding heavily and it will not stop with firm pressure
Someone who has had a seizure that will not stop, or does not wake up afterwards
Someone who has lips or skin that look pale, blue, grey or blotchy
Someone who you believe has taken an overdose or swallowed something poisonous
2
Is any of this happening?
Be seen today
Seek prompt medical assessment if you develop:
New or worsening weakness in an arm or leg
Increasing difficulty walking or problems with balance
Pain after a significant fall or other injury
Back pain with fever, unexplained weight loss, or feeling generally unwell
New pain if you have cancer, a weakened immune system, or significant osteoporosis
These can be signs of cauda equina syndrome and should not wait for a routine appointment.
3
Does any of this apply?
Book an appointment
Arrange a routine appointment if neck or back pain lasts for several weeks, repeatedly returns, limits normal activities, or is not improving.
You should also seek advice if pain regularly travels into an arm or leg, or if you have ongoing tingling or numbness.
Every sign above is quoted from the sofidex article on Degenerative disc disease. If you are not sure, err upward — it is always reasonable to be checked.