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Warning-sign checks

Epilepsy: when to get help

Go through these in order and stop at the first one that applies. If you are reading this for someone else, answer for them.

  1. 1

    Is any of this happening now?

    Call 911

    Call emergency services if:

    • A seizure lasts five minutes or longer
    • Another seizure begins before the person recovers
    • Breathing remains difficult after the movements stop
    • The seizure occurs in water
    • A serious injury happens
    • It is the person’s first known seizure
    • The person is pregnant or has diabetes and urgent help is needed
    • The seizure is clearly different from the person’s action plan

    And for anyone, someone who:

    • has had a seizure that will not stop, or does not wake up afterwards
    Other emergency signs, for anyone
    • Someone who is struggling to breathe, gasping, choking, or cannot get words out
    • Someone who has chest pain, tightness or pressure lasting more than a few minutes
    • Someone who has sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face or body, slurred speech, or sudden confusion
    • Someone who is unconscious, or cannot be woken
    • Someone who is bleeding heavily and it will not stop with firm pressure
    • Someone who has lips or skin that look pale, blue, grey or blotchy
    • Someone who you believe has taken an overdose or swallowed something poisonous
  2. 2

    Is any of this happening?

    Be seen today

    Seek prompt medical advice if seizures become more frequent, recovery takes longer, new features appear, or side effects affect daily life.

    A new rash after starting an anti-seizure medicine needs prompt assessment, especially with fever, facial swelling, mouth sores, or feeling very unwell.

  3. 3

    Does any of this apply?

    Book an appointment

    Continue routine follow-up when seizures are stable.

    Discuss medicine, pregnancy plans, mood, memory, sleep, work, driving, and safety.

The article also says

During a convulsive seizure, protect the person from hazards, cushion their head, and note the time.

Do not restrain them or put anything in their mouth.

When shaking stops, place them on their side if possible and stay until they recover.

Every sign above is quoted from the sofidex article on Epilepsy. If you are not sure, err upward — it is always reasonable to be checked.