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Warning-sign checks

Frontotemporal dementia: when to get help

Go through these in order and stop at the first one that applies. If you are reading this for someone else, answer for them.

  1. 1

    Is any of this happening now?

    Call 911

    Call emergency services if there is severe breathing difficulty, ongoing choking, a major injury, suicidal intent, violence or behaviour creating immediate danger, or stroke signs such as sudden facial drooping, one-sided weakness, or abrupt speech loss.

    FTD progresses gradually; sudden neurological symptoms need emergency assessment.

    Other emergency signs, for anyone
    • Someone who is struggling to breathe, gasping, choking, or cannot get words out
    • Someone who has chest pain, tightness or pressure lasting more than a few minutes
    • Someone who has sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face or body, slurred speech, or sudden confusion
    • Someone who is unconscious, or cannot be woken
    • Someone who is bleeding heavily and it will not stop with firm pressure
    • Someone who has had a seizure that will not stop, or does not wake up afterwards
    • Someone who has lips or skin that look pale, blue, grey or blotchy
    • Someone who you believe has taken an overdose or swallowed something poisonous
  2. 2

    Is any of this happening?

    Be seen today

    Seek urgent medical help for repeated choking, a sudden inability to swallow, new breathing difficulty, a serious fall, rapid worsening, or acute confusion.

    Sudden confusion is not a typical gradual change from FTD and may be caused by infection, medication, pain, or another medical problem.

  3. 3

    Does any of this apply?

    Book an appointment

    Arrange a routine medical appointment if you or someone close to you develops gradual, persistent changes in personality, judgement, language, organisation, or ability to manage daily tasks.

    Similar symptoms can have other causes, including depression, medication effects, sleep problems, thyroid conditions, or another neurological condition.

    During follow-up, report new falls, weight change, swallowing difficulty, increasing weakness, major behaviour changes, or rising caregiver strain.

    These changes may require a review of treatment, equipment, nutrition, or the care plan.

Every sign above is quoted from the sofidex article on Frontotemporal dementia. If you are not sure, err upward — it is always reasonable to be checked.