Go through these in order and stop at the first one that applies. If you are reading this for someone else, answer for them.
1
Is any of this happening now?
Call 911
Go to an emergency department now if you develop sudden, severe pain in one testicle, especially with swelling, nausea, vomiting, or a testicle sitting higher than usual.
Emergency care is also needed for a painful groin or scrotal bulge that becomes firm or cannot be pushed back, particularly with vomiting, abdominal pain, or difficulty passing stool or gas.
This may be a trapped hernia.
Other emergency signs, for anyone
Someone who is struggling to breathe, gasping, choking, or cannot get words out
Someone who has chest pain, tightness or pressure lasting more than a few minutes
Someone who has sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face or body, slurred speech, or sudden confusion
Someone who is unconscious, or cannot be woken
Someone who is bleeding heavily and it will not stop with firm pressure
Someone who has had a seizure that will not stop, or does not wake up afterwards
Someone who has lips or skin that look pale, blue, grey or blotchy
Someone who you believe has taken an overdose or swallowed something poisonous
2
Is any of this happening?
Be seen today
Do not wait to see whether it settles.
Testicular torsion is time-sensitive.
Seek same-day medical care for:
Rapidly worsening pain or swelling
Fever with a red, hot, or tender scrotum
Pain after a significant injury
Scrotal pain with burning urination or penile discharge
New pain in someone who is generally unwell
Book a prompt appointment for any new lump, firm area, persistent swelling, or change in a testicle.
Painless lumps still need assessment.
A known mass should also be reviewed if it grows, becomes painful, or changes in texture.
Every sign above is quoted from the sofidex article on Scrotal masses. If you are not sure, err upward — it is always reasonable to be checked.