Go through these in order and stop at the first one that applies. If you are reading this for someone else, answer for them.
1
Is any of this happening now?
Call 911
Call emergency services after a significant fall, crash, sports impact, or other trauma if a spinal injury is possible.
Do not twist, sit up, or move the injured person unless there is an immediate danger, such as fire.
Emergency symptoms include:
new weakness, paralysis, numbness, or loss of coordination
severe neck or back pain after an injury
loss of bladder or bowel control
numbness around the genitals, buttocks, or inner thighs
difficulty breathing after neck or back trauma
loss of consciousness or confusion with a possible spinal injury
a sudden pounding headache, sweating, or flushing in someone at risk of autonomic dysreflexia
And for anyone, someone who:
is bleeding heavily and it will not stop with firm pressure
Other emergency signs, for anyone
Someone who is struggling to breathe, gasping, choking, or cannot get words out
Someone who has chest pain, tightness or pressure lasting more than a few minutes
Someone who has sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face or body, slurred speech, or sudden confusion
Someone who is unconscious, or cannot be woken
Someone who has had a seizure that will not stop, or does not wake up afterwards
Someone who has lips or skin that look pale, blue, grey or blotchy
Someone who you believe has taken an overdose or swallowed something poisonous
2
Is any of this happening?
Be seen today
If you already have a spinal injury, seek urgent assessment for sudden neurological changes, chest pain, severe breathlessness, or a hot and swollen leg.
Fever with worsening breathing, urinary symptoms, or a deep skin wound also needs prompt medical advice.
3
Does any of this apply?
Book an appointment
Routine follow-up is appropriate for gradually increasing pain, recurring muscle spasms, constipation, equipment problems, minor skin redness that quickly resolves after pressure is removed, or changes in mood or sleep.
Arrange earlier review if these issues are worsening or affecting daily life.
Every sign above is quoted from the sofidex article on Spinal injury. If you are not sure, err upward — it is always reasonable to be checked.